The groovy warfare, a conflict spanning four years from 1914 to 1918, trigger countries from across the globe into the fore al just about globe fight. The power struggles in Europe between old and emerging empires erupted into open c tout ensemble forth of war with the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand, heir to the thr one of the Hapsburg Empire. A Bosnian nationalist, Gavrilo Princip, picture and killed the Archduke and his wife in Serbia , creating the flash shoot for the awaybreak of war. The fundamental powers of Europe, to wit Ger globey and Austria-Hungary fought against the European powers of France, Britain and Russia. When King George V form all toldy declared war against the German nation on 3 August 1914, Australia, India, and tender Zealand and others, were also at war as component vocalization of the British Empire. This essay will establish the role that Australian soldiers compete in the heavy(p) War through the use of deuce case studies; th e Gallipoli head for the hills and Australia?s involvework forcet at Pozieres. horizontal though other Dominion countries including recent Zealand, Canada and India all provided men and materials for Britain, this essay will focus in general on the Australian forces. On the 25th of April, 1915, British olympian forces, including the Australian dependent upon(p), arrive on the shores of Gallipoli. The invasion was part of the grand strategy of the First Lord of the Admiralty, Winston Churchill. The stated strategic aims of the Gallipoli candidacy were threefold: ?to bulletproof Egypt, to induce Italy and the Balkan States to come in on [the British] side, and, if followed by the forcing of the Bosporus, would enable Russia to draw munitions from America and westwards Europe, and to export her accumulated supplies of wheat.? opposite advantages could be drawn from the capability supremacy of the iron, including the potential to outpouring the commutation Powers fr om the south. If the campaign could success! fully ?knock Turkey out of the war? then, with the assistance of the Balkan states, the consort could potentially create a new preceding against the Central Powers. A new front could relieve pressure on the deadlocked and static westerly present. The Australian force get at Anzac Cove in the earlier hours of the morning. The terrain that awaited the violateing Australians was onerous and varied, consisting of ? wooded knolls and ridges? , ?ravines and rocky gullies? and ?rugged cliffs loom[ing] everyplace a narrow gaffe of sand.? The very nature of the terrain, communicate together with the inexperience of the Australian forces, make coherency between move units difficult, if not impossible. presumption the orders to ?push on at all costs? through such difficult terrain, it is no awe that the impetuous pursuance of retreating Turks led Australian soldiers into untenable positions or enemy reinforcements. compensate though Australian forces enjoyed some le gal community of success in their come, managing to storm the cliff tops with .303 Lee-Enfield rifles and bayonets, the ?campaign at Anzac had gone from an invasion to a siege in one day.? As the Gallipoli campaign developed into a static, impinge prevail stalemate nearly identical to the style of warfare on the westbound Front, the weaknesses of the invading Imperial forces became apparent. The use of hitman in massive numbers was demonstrated daily on the westbound Front, but at Gallipoli the Australian forces were avowed by ? just 118 hit man pieces instead of their ?establishment? of 306.? This lack of sleeve pieces, coupled with the shortage of ammunition, meant that any shelling in lapse going of Australian assaults or defences was weak at best. evasive actionally Australian forces were wasted in the Gallipoli campaign. British orders constituted subscribe to assault on en oceanic abyssed and fortified Turkish positions, which received support from railway car zep and artillery fire. At times Australian tro! ops were used as critical more than cannon fodder. At the Nek, the terrain was such that there was yet enough way of life for 150 men abreast(predicate) , violateing a Turkish position held by ?hundreds of rifles and five mold guns.? The 8th washy Horse suffered 234 casualties, 154 fatalities, out of the 300 soldiers in the regiment. The 10th imperfect Horse suffered 80 killed and 58 wounded. The casualties suffered by the Australian forces during the Gallipoli campaign totalled 26,111 of which ?362 officers and 7,779 other ranks were killed in action, died of wounds or succumbed to disease.? The most successful part of the operation was the retreat, in which not a single man was lost to enemy fire. In the eight-spot month campaign nine Victoria Crosses, the highest military pillage in the Australian Army, were awarded to Australians. Seven of those nine VCs were won during the dispute for Lone Pine. over eight thousand Australians were lost during the fated G allipoli campaign. As difficult as Gallipoli was for Australian soldiers, their deployment to the westbound Front would show them the authentic horror and futility of the First World War. The trenches of the western Front introduced the Australians to a new facet of warfare. Having experienced rifle, machine gun and artillery fire at Gallipoli, the Australians could be feeling of having seen war. However, on the Western Front the soldiers on both sides of the bourn suffered attacks from gas weapons, continuous artillery, flamethrowers and, in the latter stages of the war, assault from tanks. The criminal prosecution of warfare on the Western Front followed the ? take? speak to of the continental direct of warfare, a school of strategy ? pertain with ground warfare between armies.? The basic premise of the direct strategy was to bring ?superior force to bear on a point where the enemy is both weaker and vulnerable to cripple damage.? Clearly demonstrated, by both the Central Powers and the Allied forces, was the spon! taneity to throw millions of munitions and men at the enemy, with little or no regard for the cost. The Australian attack at Pozieres was another employment of the direct strategy. ?The artillery barrage began at precisely at 12:28 a.m. For devil minutes every gun in the division laid-off as fast as their crews could load,? after which the Australian troops, dissimulation in wait in No Man?s Land, rose to assault the bombarded German trenches.
It took two hours for the Australians to capture the trench at Pozieres, and almost seven-spot weeks to deny the German counter-attacks that started forthwith upon the Australians capturing the trenches. The Germans ?made not less(prenominal) than 67 counter-attacks. ?Probably they had made a great many another(prenominal) more . . . possibly in two ways as many.? These counter-attacks were characteristic of German policy which was ?to counter-attack vigorously, both topical anesthetic counter-attacks [and] massive planned assaults.? Initial counter-attacks consisted of ?about 200 Germans? ; accompaniment assaults were made in force with proceeding artillery top of the Australian trenches. Five Victoria Crosses were awarded to Australians who had participated in the battle most Pozieres. Tactically, the Australians performed in a superior manner on the Western Front than they did in Gallipoli. Part of the reason for this is the Australian particular was placed under the command of a variety of Australian officers. Generally speaking, the Australian commanders, specifically General John Monash, were free to preserve the lives of the men under their c ommand. One tactical maneuveral designate of the ! Australian trench war was their excellent use of lesser unit tactics. Known as minor aggression or peaceful penetration, small units would cross No Man?s Land, kill or capture the enemy and then withdraw. This tactic ?Monash described . . . as ?a brilliant success.??300,000 Australians were deployed in dissimilar theatres during the Great War and 60,000 were killed. Faced with a mishandled gamble in the Gallipoli campaign, Australian forces acquitted themselves with respect and continued that trend on the Western Front. With sixty five Victoria Crosses awarded to Australian soldiers during the Great War , the untried and untested Australians forces proved that they could fight with courage, honour and sacrifice. This was proved not only to themselves, but to their commanders both British and Australian, to the Australian and British nations, and to the world at large. BibliographyBlair, D., ?25-29 April 1915: A set down and a legend established? in Dinkum Diggers: An Au stralian batch at War, Melbourne University Press, Melbourne, 2001, pp. 7 - 86. Carlyon, L., Gallipoli, Pan Macmillan, Sydney, 2001. Charlton, P., ?Pozieres? in AIH338 Australia and the World Wars, Reader, Deakin University, Geelong, 2007, pp. 1 ? 7. Cochrane, P., Australians at War, ABC Books, Sydney, 2001. Grey, J., A Military History of Australia, Cambridge University Press, Melbourne, 1990 . hypertext deepen protocol://www.anzacday.org.au/education/medals/vc/austlist.html Accessed 8/8/07. Malik, J. M., ?The Evolution of strategic mentation? in Craig Snyder (ed.), Contemporary Security and Strategy, Macmillan Press, London, 1999, pp. 13 ? 52. Shermer, D., World War I, Octopus Books Limited, London, 1973. Terraine, J., ?The Gallipoli Campaign? in AIH338 Australia and the World Wars, Reader, Deakin University, Geelong, 2007, pp 1 ? 11. If you unavoidableness to get a full essay, order it on our website:
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